The article examines the role of the Moscow Metro as a defense facility throughout its history, from its design in the 1930s to the present. Special attention is paid to the period of the Great Patriotic War, when the metro served as an air raid shelter, hospital and command post. The study also covers the post-war development of the subway, including the modernization of infrastructure to protect against new threats. Based on the analysis of archival data and historical sources, key factors have been identified that have determined the strategic importance of the metro as an element of civil defense.

The article is devoted to the analysis of federal relations in modern states. The main object of scientific analysis is the phenomenon of the capital and the metropolitan area.
The author of the article pays close attention to the role and functions of capitals in the political practice of federal states, both at the national and regional levels.
At the same time, the institutional analysis makes it possible to understand how the capitals act as a key actor in the system of Center-Regions relations within the framework of federal relations.
In the final part of the article, the author analyzes various approaches to the typologization of capitals, evaluates their relevance and relevance, and ultimately deduces his own classification.

Leadership as a socio-humanitarian concept in modern scientific directions is studied in connection with the opportunity to study the behavior of a subject in the system of public relations. The relevance of understanding leadership as a phenomenon is confirmed especially in the political sphere, where to understand the balance of power it is necessary to know the tactics and strategy of the players formed based on a set of internal qualities of a social subject. Even though the concept of leadership was initially considered at the level of individuals, in modern political science there is an expansion of the spheres of application of socio-psychological methodology, one of which is the field of international interaction. In international relations, the concept of leadership can be considered on the basis of the activities of States taking place in the international community, where transport is one of them. The article offers a theoretical justification of the transportation leadership of states in the international arena.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main sociocultural, political, and legal factors, which, according to the author, can serve as the most reliable indicators of the level of development of the intraregional space. Taking into account that the dynamics of the development of the intraregional space has a certain disproportion or asymmetry, the article presents an analysis of political and legal factors and sociocultural value foundations in order to identify the optimal strategy for regional development.

   The color preferences of young people are of high importance in marketing, journalism, sociology, information technology, etc. The color factors of products and logos of commercial enterprises should focus the attention of buyers and/or consumers of a particular content for commercial purposes, for example, the purchase of goods or services.
   The purpose of the sociological research is to study the color preferences of young people in products and logos of commercial enterprises. In accordance with this goal, the following tasks were solved: the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents were studied; the factors of attracting consumers of a particular service in the products and logos of commercial enterprises were investigated; the advantages of each company logo compared to other organizations were identified in connection with the emotions it evokes among the respondents. The object of the study is young people aged 14-35 years. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the color preferences of young people in the products and logos of commercial enterprises.
   In the article, the authors analyze the methodological principles of the meaning of color as a social marker of commercial enterprises. Researchers study the color preferences of young people in the context of sociological analysis. Researchers also carry out a sociological assessment of the color preferences of young people in products and logos of commercial enterprises. The article discusses methods and technologies for attracting consumers, taking into account the emotional characteristics of respondents based on the method of content analysis with the inclusion of Goethe's theory.
   The empirical experience of studying the color preferences of young people in the context of the consumption of products and logos of commercial enterprises was obtained by the online questionnaire method. A sociological assessment of the color preferences of young people in products and logos of commercial enterprises was also carried out using the content analysis method of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's theory of color perception.

For Russia, the preservation of cultural heritage has become relevant in the context of the proxy war unleashed by the West against the Orthodox "Russian world". Cultural security is a state of public life in the cultural sphere, in which socializing institutions-agents ensure the implementation of their cultural and educational functions in society, in particular, in relation to the younger generation. The acceptance by young people of the standards and norms of traditional culture, synthesizing various types of subcultures, determines the state of cultural security for society and the country as a whole, and their denial causes a cultural danger. The system of cultural security protects the younger generation from any countercultural intervention. The institutional-socialization approach reveals the genesis of cultural security. All agents of socialization at their level form the foundations of the corresponding culture, promote its norms and values, socially approved and expected patterns of behavior for citizens of society.

The article presents an analysis of the results of a sociological study of the factors influencing the formation of the image of a higher education teacher. The data obtained indicate the importance of the teacher's image for the successful performance of their professional duties. The image of a teacher consists of various aspects. The importance of professional qualities and pedagogical skills is highly valued by teachers, while appearance and status are considered the least important aspects of a teacher's professional image. Based on the results of the study, the authors have developed recommendations for teachers and the management of higher education institutions aimed at creating a positive image of a modern higher education teacher.

The article examines the phenomenon of the game as an attraction and analyzes the growing influence of game forms in modern society, substantiates the significance of the game as a cultural phenomenon, examines its definition and typology (agon, alea, mimicry, ilinx) and the connection of the game with culture. The text reveals modern transformations of the game: the introduction of game mechanics into popular culture, digital media, sports, the entertainment industry and social networks. Examples of gamification of everyday life and a combination of classic types of games with new technologies are given. The authors substantiate the socio-cultural role of the game as an attraction mechanism a means of attracting attention, involving the audience and channeling human instincts into a peaceful channel. The dual effect of this process is noted: on the one hand, the game enriches experience and communication, on the other hand, it raises questions about the boundaries between reality and the game.

Modern megacities have transformed into complex information eco- systems where visual communication plays a key role in shaping public consciousness. This article examines the evolution of outdoor advertising (Out-of-Home, OOH) as a significant element of urban semiotics, analyzing its technological transformations and impact on the perception of urban environments. Special attention is given to the challenges of integrating advertising structures into historic districts, including visual dissonance and conflicts with architectural heritage. Innovative technologies (AR, VR, neu- ral networks, computer vision) that enhance the effectiveness of advertis- ing communications are explored, along with cultural differences in OOH perception across countries. Using Russian cities (Moscow, Kazan, Sochi) as case studies, the article highlights various regulatory models for outdoor advertising that balance commercial interests with preserving the unique character of urban spaces. The conclusion outlines principles for success- ful urban advertising of the future: contextual relevance, technological inte- gration, personalization, sustainability, and measurability.