The article, applying the principles of unity of historical and logical, provides a detailed analysis of the military-strategic operation - the Battle of Stalingrad, during which the Red Army dealt a crushing blow to the troops of Nazi Germany and its allies. Analyzing the course and result of the battle of three fronts (Southwestern, Don, Stalingrad), the author characterizes the courage and steadfastness of the Red Army men during the defense of the city, their courage and determination during the counteroffensive and the defeat of the enemy. The article reveals the active role of political work, the activities of agitators, propagandists and various genres of Russian art in the formation of high spiritual qualities among the defenders of Stalingrad.

The international and political significance of the Battle of Stalingrad on the course and results of the Second World War is noted; its cognitive significance in the conditions of complex military-political relations of modernity is substantiated.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of unitarianism as the main form of the territorial and political structure of modern states. The author investigates the experience of European unitarianism and demonstrates exactly what features distinguish Spain, Bulgaria, Italy, etc. from the total number of unitary states in Europe.

At the same time, an important place is given in the article to the study of the problems of regionalism, especially in its comparison with the federalization and decentralization of modern European states.

In conclusion, the author’s trajectories of the evolution of the unitary form of territorial-political structure are proposed.

The article analyzes the essence of Russian state patriotism and approaches to this issue in different historical eras. The article reveals the phenomenon of patriotism and its connection with the politics and ideology of the state, as well as its emotional nature. Particular importance is attached to the relevance and reasons for the interest in patriotism in modern Russia.

The article raises the problem of underestimation of the heuristic potential of branch political science by a significant part of the domestic scientific community, and also provides arguments in favor of revising the existing approach to this field of political science. Using the example of transport policy– one of the system-forming areas of the state›s activity, the research capabilities of branch political science are shown and the prospects for a comprehensive study of branch policies are outlined. Taking into account the steady increase in the number of this policies in modern socio-political realities, the conclusion is made about the special importance of specialized branch political science research for the realization of goals and meeting the requests of the state in connection with the implementation of specific areas of its activities.

Currently, the problem of the value content of political reality is relevant and discussed in the media and the scientific community. The issues of democratization of Russian society are of paramount importance in the light of recent events related to the conflict in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed against Russia.

Structural transformations have led to the activation of the opposition, the flourishing of forms of destructive behavior, the lack of information hygiene, the spread of fake information, distrust of the authorities, violation of the letter of the law, social inequality, which in turn leads to the disintegration of society, a decrease in its social cohesion. Such negative consequences have made significant adjustments in all spheres of life, affecting the deep processes of formation and development of value systems of all social groups.

The material for the article is based on the results of the study “Youth of universities in the transport industry”, conducted by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation in 2019. The author’s analysis focuses on moods and feelings; the degree of confidence in “tomorrow” and life satisfaction; willingness to change university, specialty, country; opinions on the factors of achieving success in life.

The relevance of the work is due to the tendency of unemployment growth in the current economic situation, as a result of which the economic risks of labor markets are growing. The Orenburg Region is taken as an example. The purpose of the work: to analyze the state of the labor market of the Orenburg region, its labor potential, as well as the mechanisms of development, formation and management. The task is to formulate some forecasts of the prospects for the development of the labor market of the Orenburg region on the basis of the empirical data obtained, identify restrictions that can contribute to the qualitative growth of the regional market, and calculate economic risks. The obtained results indicate that the main demographic indicators influence the labor resources, their structure and reproduction. Simplification of the structure, reduction of reproduction of labor resources directly affect the socio-economic development of the region, lead to an aggravation of the economic situation of the subject. The authors conclude that there is a tendency for labor migration of specialists to neighboring regions in the region, which will require the involvement of external workers from other regions.

The effective functioning of the national security system is a key characteristic of the formation of a modern civil state based on the rule of law. The strategy of national security of the Russian Federation is the main document regulating the tasks and goals of state bodies in relation to the security of citizens› life activity. However, society is heterogeneous and represents a complex multi-level structure, representatives of different layers of which can use different means of organizing a dialogue between the authorities and society, which potentially provokes the formation of negative and non-legitimate factors of influence on the system of national security of the state. Art activism, a modern form of political participation that is not regulated by legal norms, can become one of such forms.

The article examines the problem of higher military education in the context of the new definition – patriotic humanism and digitalization of society – as a factor of social development. In modern Russia, the need for social transformations and patriotic education is increasing, which, in a pandemic, can be carried out using digital technologies and on the basis of distance education. Communication of pedagogues with pupils, students, commanders with subordinates can be conducted using secure computer networks and databases. Distance learning can contribute to effective digitalization if it is based on the formation of spiritual values and patriotism in students.

The progressive and qualitative development of the socio-economic system is facilitated by the controlled process of creative creative activity. The source of this activity is a creative person who is satisfied with the avant-garde for its direct participation in the management processes of the innovation economy.

The authors, taking as the basis for the study of biological, genetic, sociobiological, social factors aimed at stimulating the mental activity of a person and influencing the formation of powerful volitional impulses, accentuated dedication and unlimited efficiency of a creative person, by designing a management system for the innovative development of the territory, introduces an additional subject of management that will allow to include the results creative activity of creative people in the economic turnover on the territory.