Federal structure and spatial development: analysis of problems and risks

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of key approaches to the typologization of modern federal states and the study of the special role of capitals in the framework of federal relations. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the type of federation and the functional and status characteristics of its capital based on a comparative analysis of existing classifications of federations, as well as to propose an author's classification of the capitals of federal states.

The paper consistently examines such bases of classification as the degree of symmetry, the principle of formation of subjects, the method of federation creation and the level of centralization. On this basis, an institutional analysis of the capitals is carried out, their key functions (political, administrative, symbolic, integration) and statuses are highlighted. The scientific novelty lies in the systematization of the typological features of federations in relation to the phenomenon of metropolitan area and in the development of an original classification of capitals based on the criteria of their origin and political weight in the "center – regions" system. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of federalism and can be used in further research in the field of political science, theory of state and comparative federalism.

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