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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">poisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">П.О.И.С.К.</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>P.O.I.S.K.</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6015</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РУТ (МИИТ)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30932/2072-6015-2025-114-1-70-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">poisk-370</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEMS OF MODERN PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Капитализм в институте «раннего доступа»: труд игроков-тестировщиков и эксплуатация энтузиазма (критический взгляд на индустрию)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Capitalism in the institution of early access: the labor of player-testers and the exploitation of enthusiasm</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2130-7357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотников</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плотников Владимир Валериевич – доктор социологических наук, кандидат философских наук, доцент, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Plotnikov Vladimir Valerievich – Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor</p><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inkognito13@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский экономический университет имени Г.В. Плеханова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плотников В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плотников В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Plotnikov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://poisk.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/370">https://poisk.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/370</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается феномен раннего доступа в индустрии видеоигр сквозь призму критической теории цифрового труда и политической экономии. Первоначально позиционируясь как взаимовыгодная модель, позволяющая независимым разработчикам финансировать проекты на ранних стадиях, институт «раннего доступа» превратился в бизнес-стратегию крупных компаний по перекладыванию рисков и затрат на потребителей, фактически вовлекая игроков в бесплатный труд тестирования. В работе проанализированы ключевые особенности модели раннего доступа, двойственная роль игроков как потребителей и со-творцов, а также проявления эксплуатации их энтузиазма со стороны капитала. Опираясь на марксистские и неомарксистские подходы, автор показывает, как вовлеченность фанатов и добровольный труд игроков используются индустрией для извлечения прибыли. Делается вывод, что ранний доступ – характерный продукт позднего капитализма, в котором границы между игрой и трудом размыты, а искренняя увлеченность игроков служит ресурсом для накопления капитала. Статья носит теоретико-критический характер и призвана способствовать осмыслению этических и социальных последствий современных практик игровой индустрии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article examines the phenomenon of early access in the video game industry through the lens of critical digital labor theory and political economy. Initially positioned as a mutually beneficial model allowing independent developers to finance projects in their early stages, the institution of early access has evolved into a business strategy for large companies to shift risks and costs to consumers, effectively engaging players in unpaid testing labor. This paper analyzes the key features of the early access model, the dual role of players as consumers and co-creators, and the exploitation of their enthusiasm by capital. Drawing on Marxist and neo-Marxist approaches, the author demonstrates how fan engagement and player voluntary labor are exploited by the industry for profit. It is concluded that early access is a characteristic product of late capitalism, in which the boundaries between play and labor are blurred, and players' genuine passion serves as a resource for capital accumulation. This article is theoretical and critical in nature and aims to promote understanding of the ethical and social implications of contemporary gaming industry practices.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранний доступ</kwd><kwd>Early Access</kwd><kwd>индустрия видеоигр</kwd><kwd>цифровой труд</kwd><kwd>свободный труд</kwd><kwd>эксплуатация</kwd><kwd>бета-тестирование</kwd><kwd>сообщество игроков</kwd><kwd>политическая экономика игр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Early Access</kwd><kwd>video game industry</kwd><kwd>digital labor</kwd><kwd>free labor</kwd><kwd>exploitation</kwd><kwd>beta testing</kwd><kwd>player community</kwd><kwd>political economy of games</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banks J., Humphreys S. The Labour of User Co-Creators: Emergent Social Network Markets? // Convergence. 2008. Vol. 14, no. 4. 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