<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">poisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">П.О.И.С.К.</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>P.O.I.S.K.</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6015</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РУТ (МИИТ)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">poisk-303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЛИТИКА И ОБЩЕСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POLITICS AND SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Многовекторность как инструмент проникновения США и НАТО в Центральную Азию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Multi-vector approach as a tool for the penetration of the United States and NATO into Central Asia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газетов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazetov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Газетов Владимир Иванович, кандидат исторических наук, профессор, почетный работник высшего профессионального образования РФ</p><p>Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gazetov Vladimir Ivanovich, Ph.D. of Historical Sciences,Professor, Honorary Worker of Higher ProfessionalEducation of the Russian Federation</p><p>Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vig012008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоменко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khomenko</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хоменко Вадим Иванович, кандидат педагогическихнаук, профессор, заслуженный работник высшейшколы РФ</p><p>Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khomenko Vadim Ivanovich, Ph.D. of Pedagogic Sciences, Professor, Honorary Figure of the Russian Higher Education</p><p>Moscow, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khomvi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Институт современного образования и информационных&#13;
технологий</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской университет управления Правительства Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City University of Management of the Government of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Газетов В.И., Хоменко В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Газетов В.И., Хоменко В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gazetov V.I., Khomenko V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://poisk.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/303">https://poisk.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/303</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье авторы, основываясь на результатах политикосоциологического анализа многочисленных зарубежных источников – публичных отчётов западных правительств, министерств и ведомств, публикаций ведущих западных СМИ, а также докладов научных центров исследуют эволюцию взглядов западных государств по вопросам разработки и реализации новых концептуальных подходов к взаимодействию со странами Центральной Азии. Под прикрытием провозглашенной центральноазиатскими республиками многовекторности своей внешней политики скрывается планомерное военно-политическое расширение присутствия США и НАТО с целью вытеснения из данного стратегически важного региона России и Китая.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article, the authors, based on the results of a political and sociological analysis of numerous foreign sources, government reports and official data from ministries and departments of a number of Western countries, publications of leading Western media, present the evolution of views of Western states on the development and implementation of new conceptual approaches to interaction with the countries of Central Asia. The West's multi-vector foreign policy in the Central Asian region is based on the priorities of the United States and NATO to expand their military presence and oust Russia and China from this strategically important region.  </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Многовекторная политика</kwd><kwd>центральноазиатский регион</kwd><kwd>региональная политика</kwd><kwd>стратегическое партнерство</kwd><kwd>экспансия Запада</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Multi-vector policy</kwd><kwd>Central Asian region</kwd><kwd>regional policy</kwd><kwd>strategic partnership</kwd><kwd>expansion of the West</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biden Takes Aim at Putin’s Soft Underbelly in Central Asia. URL: https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/09/22/biden-central-asia-unga-russiaukraine-putin/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biden Takes Aim at Putin’s Soft Underbelly in Central Asia. URL: https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/09/22/biden-central-asia-unga-russiaukraine-putin/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biden’s Central Asia Summit: A New Era in US-Central Asia Relations? URL: https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/bidens-central-asia-summit-a-new-era-in-us-central-asia-relations/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biden’s Central Asia Summit: A New Era in US-Central Asia Relations? URL: https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/bidens-central-asia-summit-a-new-era-in-us-central-asia-relations/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biden’s First Meeting with the C5+1: Where Can We Go from Here? URL: https://www.caspianpolicy.org/events/details/bidens-first-meetingwith-the-c51-where-can-we-go-from-here-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biden’s First Meeting with the C5+1: Where Can We Go from Here? URL: https://www.caspianpolicy.org/events/details/bidens-first-meetingwith-the-c51-where-can-we-go-from-here-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Concerns over Central Asia diplomacy after Kishida cancels trip. URL: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/11/japan/politics/central-asia-diplomacy-kishida/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Concerns over Central Asia diplomacy after Kishida cancels trip. URL: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/08/11/japan/politics/central-asia-diplomacy-kishida/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EBRD projects in Kazakhstan. URL: https://www.ebrd.com/kazakhstan-data.html.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EBRD projects in Kazakhstan. URL: https://www.ebrd.com/kazakhstan-data.html.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EU Envoy for CA Joins Tusaukeser Ceremony During Nauryz Festivities. URL: https://astanatimes.com/2024/03/eu-envoy-for-ca-joins-tusaukeser-ceremony-during-nauryz-festivities/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EU Envoy for CA Joins Tusaukeser Ceremony During Nauryz Festivities. URL: https://astanatimes.com/2024/03/eu-envoy-for-ca-joins-tusaukeser-ceremony-during-nauryz-festivities/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EU Sanctions Envoy Hails Kazakhstan’s Efforts in Reducing Re-exports to Russia. URL: https://astanatimes.com/2024/06/eu-sanctions-envoy-hails-kazakhstans-efforts-in-reducing-re-exports-to-russia/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EU Sanctions Envoy Hails Kazakhstan’s Efforts in Reducing Re-exports to Russia. URL: https://astanatimes.com/2024/06/eu-sanctions-envoy-hails-kazakhstans-efforts-in-reducing-re-exports-to-russia/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Parliament resolution of 17 January 2024 on the EU strategy on Central Asia (2023/2106(INI)). URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0027_EN.htm.l</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Parliament resolution of 17 January 2024 on the EU strategy on Central Asia (2023/2106(INI)). URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0027_EN.htm.l</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foucault’s Pendulum: Turkey in Central Asia and the CaucasusFootnote1. URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1468384042000228576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foucault’s Pendulum: Turkey in Central Asia and the CaucasusFootnote1. URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1468384042000228576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">German Chancellor Olaf Scholz holds summit with the five Central Asian nations’ leaders as Germany seeks to exert influence over the region. URL: https://caspianpost.com/en/post/german-chancellor-scholz-five-central-asian-leaders-meet-as-berlin-looks-to-blunt-moscows-influence.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">German Chancellor Olaf Scholz holds summit with the five Central Asian nations’ leaders as Germany seeks to exert influence over the region. URL: https://caspianpost.com/en/post/german-chancellor-scholz-five-central-asian-leaders-meet-as-berlin-looks-to-blunt-moscows-influence.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Germany’s Zeitenwende: Turning Toward Central Asia? URL: https://thediplomat.com/2024/05/germanys-zeitenwende-turning-toward-central-asia/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Germany’s Zeitenwende: Turning Toward Central Asia? URL: https://thediplomat.com/2024/05/germanys-zeitenwende-turning-toward-central-asia/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">How dirty Russian money taught Latvia to get serious on sanctions. URL: https://www.politico.eu/person/david-osullivan/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">How dirty Russian money taught Latvia to get serious on sanctions. URL: https://www.politico.eu/person/david-osullivan/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Italy-Central Asia: Rome relaunches the “1+5” format. URL: https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/italy-central-asia-rome-relaunches-format-15-on-may-29-tajani%27s-meeting-with-foreign-ministers/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Italy-Central Asia: Rome relaunches the “1+5” format. URL: https://www.agenzianova.com/en/news/italy-central-asia-rome-relaunches-format-15-on-may-29-tajani%27s-meeting-with-foreign-ministers/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazakhstan offers port, airport management to EU investors. URL: https://www.eureporter.co/kazakhstan-2/2024/02/05/kazakhstan-of- fers-port-airport-management-to-eu-investors/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakhstan offers port, airport management to EU investors. URL: https://www.eureporter.co/kazakhstan-2/2024/02/05/kazakhstan-of- fers-port-airport-management-to-eu-investors/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazakhstan: U.S., NATO Seek Military Outpost Between Russia And China. URL: https://www.globalresearch.ca/kazakhstan-u-s-natoseek-military-outpost-between-russia-and-china/18680.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazakhstan: U.S., NATO Seek Military Outpost Between Russia And China. URL: https://www.globalresearch.ca/kazakhstan-u-s-natoseek-military-outpost-between-russia-and-china/18680.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letter From One President To Another. URL: https://www.forbes. com/sites/melikkaylan/2023/08/18/letter-from-one-president-to-another/?sh=3ceb0b2d6c19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letter From One President To Another. URL: https://www.forbes. com/sites/melikkaylan/2023/08/18/letter-from-one-president-to-another/?sh=3ceb0b2d6c19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macron visits Kazakhstan on strategic tour of Central Asia. URL: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/1/macron-in-kazakhstan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macron visits Kazakhstan on strategic tour of Central Asia. URL: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/1/macron-in-kazakhstan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mattarella, Meloni meet Tokayev as Italy and Kazakhstan build closer ties. URL: https://decode39.com/8683/mattarella-meloni-tokayev-italy-kazakhstan-closer-ties/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mattarella, Meloni meet Tokayev as Italy and Kazakhstan build closer ties. URL: https://decode39.com/8683/mattarella-meloni-tokayev-italy-kazakhstan-closer-ties/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minister for the Armed Forces meets defence leaders and military chiefs in Central Asia and Mongolia. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minister for the Armed Forces meets defence leaders and military chiefs in Central Asia and Mongolia. URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">news/minister-for-the-armed-forces-meets-defence-leaders-and-militarychiefs-in-central-asia-and-mongolia. 20. Relations with Kazakhstan. URL: https://www.nato.int/cps/ru/natohq/topics_49598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">news/minister-for-the-armed-forces-meets-defence-leaders-and-militarychiefs-in-central-asia-and-mongolia. 20. Relations with Kazakhstan. URL: https://www.nato.int/cps/ru/natohq/topics_49598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samarkand to host first official EU – Central Asia summit. URL: https://kun.uz/en/news/2024/05/18/samarkand-to-host-first-official-.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samarkand to host first official EU – Central Asia summit. URL: https://kun.uz/en/news/2024/05/18/samarkand-to-host-first-official-.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tajikistan president receives Turkey’s defense minister. URL: https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/tajikistan-president-receives-turkeys-defense-minister-3575618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tajikistan president receives Turkey’s defense minister. URL: https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/tajikistan-president-receives-turkeys-defense-minister-3575618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The ‘Central Asian Five’ in Berlin: time for a strategic partnership. URL: https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2023-10-05/centralasian-five-berlin-time-a-strategic-partnership.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The ‘Central Asian Five’ in Berlin: time for a strategic partnership. URL: https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/analyses/2023-10-05/centralasian-five-berlin-time-a-strategic-partnership.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The EU strategy on Central Asia: Towards a new momentum? URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2024)762300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The EU strategy on Central Asia: Towards a new momentum? URL: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2024)762300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Hole in Biden’s China Strategy: Central Asia - WSJ. URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hole-in-bidens-china-strategy-centralasia-11615934414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Hole in Biden’s China Strategy: Central Asia - WSJ. URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hole-in-bidens-china-strategy-centralasia-11615934414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The new great game continued? How the West is trying to get (back) to Central Asia. URL: https://fpc.org.uk/the-new-great-game-continued-how-the-west-is-trying-to-get-back-to-central-asia/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The new great game continued? How the West is trying to get (back) to Central Asia. URL: https://fpc.org.uk/the-new-great-game-continued-how-the-west-is-trying-to-get-back-to-central-asia/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The White House, C5+1 Leaders’ Joint Statement, September 2023. URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/09/21/c51-leaders-joint-statement/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The White House, C5+1 Leaders’ Joint Statement, September 2023. URL: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/09/21/c51-leaders-joint-statement/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tokayev, Heads of Central Asian States Meet with German Chancellor in Berlin. URL: https://www.eureporter.co/kazakhstan-2/2023/10/04/tokayev-heads-of-central-asian-states-meet-with-german-chancellor-inberlin/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tokayev, Heads of Central Asian States Meet with German Chancellor in Berlin. URL: https://www.eureporter.co/kazakhstan-2/2023/10/04/tokayev-heads-of-central-asian-states-meet-with-german-chancellor-inberlin/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turkey’s US-NATO mission in Central Asia. URL: https://crescent.icit-digital.org/articles/turkey-s-us-nato-mission-in-central-asia.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkey’s US-NATO mission in Central Asia. URL: https://crescent.icit-digital.org/articles/turkey-s-us-nato-mission-in-central-asia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turkish defense chief visits Kazakhstan. URL: https://www.defensehere.com/en/turkish-defense-chief-visits-kazakhstan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkish defense chief visits Kazakhstan. URL: https://www.defensehere.com/en/turkish-defense-chief-visits-kazakhstan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">What Explains Growing European Engagement in Central Asia? URL: https://thediplomat.com/2022/11/what-explains-growing-europe- an-engagement-in-central-asia/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">What Explains Growing European Engagement in Central Asia? URL: https://thediplomat.com/2022/11/what-explains-growing-europe- an-engagement-in-central-asia/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">What Ukraine’s Kursk Incursion Reveals about Russia’s Role in Central Asia URL: https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/what-ukraineskursk-incursion-reveals-about-russias-role-in-central-asia/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">What Ukraine’s Kursk Incursion Reveals about Russia’s Role in Central Asia URL: https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.com/what-ukraineskursk-incursion-reveals-about-russias-role-in-central-asia/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Uranium Mining Production. URL: https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/world-uranium-mining-production.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Uranium Mining Production. URL: https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/world-uranium-mining-production.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
