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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">poisk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">П.О.И.С.К.</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>P.O.I.S.K.</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6015</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РУТ (МИИТ)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">poisk-270</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>К 80-ЛЕТИЮ ПОБЕДЫ В ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ON THE 80TH ANNIVERSARY OF VICTORY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Московский метрополитен как объект гражданской обороны в годы Великой Отечественной войны</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Moscow Metro as a civil defense facility during the Great Patriotic War</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пруцков</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prutskov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пруцков Максим Игоревич, старший преподавательМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prutskov Maxim Igorevich, Senior Lecturer</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">max4399@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пруцков М.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пруцков М.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prutskov M.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://poisk.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/270">https://poisk.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/270</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается роль Московского метрополитена как оборонного объекта на протяжении его истории, начиная с проектирования в 1930-х годах до современности. Особое внимание уделено периоду Великой Отечественной войны, когда метро выполняло функции бомбоубежища, госпиталя и командного пункта. Исследование также охватывает послевоенное развитие метрополитена, включая модернизацию инфраструктуры для защиты от новых угроз. На основе анализа архивных данных и исторических источников выявлены ключевые факторы, определившие стратегическую значимость метро как элемента гражданской обороны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the role of the Moscow Metro as a defense facility throughout its history, from its design in the 1930s to the present. Special attention is paid to the period of the Great Patriotic War, when the metro served as an air raid shelter, hospital and command post. The study also covers the post-war development of the subway, including the modernization of infrastructure to protect against new threats. Based on the analysis of archival data and historical sources, key factors have been identified that have determined the strategic importance of the metro as an element of civil defense.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Московский метрополитен</kwd><kwd>гражданская оборона</kwd><kwd>Великая Отечественная война</kwd><kwd>бомбоубежище</kwd><kwd>инфраструктура</kwd><kwd>исторический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Moscow Metro</kwd><kwd>civil defense</kwd><kwd>The Great Patriotic War</kwd><kwd>bomb shelter</kwd><kwd>infrastructure</kwd><kwd>historical analysis.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Официальный сайт Московского метрополитена: https://mosmetro.ru (раздел «История»).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Official website of the Moscow Metro: https://mosmetro.ru (section “History”).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обязательное постановление исполкома Моссовета «О правилах использования Московского метрополитена как бомбоубежища». 21 сентября 1941 г.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandatory resolution of the Executive Committee of the Moscow City Council “On the rules for using the Moscow Metro as a bomb shelter” [O pravilah ispol’zovaniya Moskovskogo metropolitena kak bomboubezhishcha] September 21, 1941.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Постановление ГКО СССР № 77 «О противовоздушной обороне Москвы». 9 июля 1941 г., Москва</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Resolution No. 77 of the State Defense Committee of the USSR “On the Air Defense of Moscow” [O protivovozdushnoj oborone Moskvy] July 9, 1941, Moscow</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спарбер А.С., Черкасский К.А. 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